Time to take a side trip on High Calorie
Gardening.
I remember being a Spit Rat in my college days. I
lived in a tent on a long Spit of land. My days were taken with working in a
fish cannery. Sanitation was a big deal. The cannery had showers that we used
before shift. We had a place close by to do laundry. Potable water was
available not far from the beach where all our tents were. With all these
precautions we still have people who would come down sick with some type of
water borne illness.
I also remember helping out a friend who was
guiding some tourists. They were told not to drink the water, only drink water
we provided them. But the day was hot and the water cold and crystal clear. Two
people decided to drink the water before we realized it. Both came down with
beaver fever (Giardia).
There was also the time I had to get diphtheria
shots so I could work out in the remote villages. It seemed that diphtheria was
common in some areas. This was due to the use of honey buckets. Humans being
humans people tended to let the five gallon buckets get more full than they
should. The made it more likely that human waste would get spilled before the
waste could make it to the dump site. This created a perfect breeding ground
for diphtheria.
Another time I was with a group of hunters. We
were debating shooting the cooks.
Because everyone but me came down with the runs and we found out that
the cook was sick. Not only did not tell anyone he did not setup a proper
cleaning station to wash his hands and sanitize the cooking gear after use.
Thank god for IMODIUM® A-D. I took over cooking and used bleach water in the
final rinse of all cook gear for the remainder of the trip. Everyone recovered
before the trip ended.
On the garden side I have bleached seeds before
germinating to lower my risk of disease. There are many methods to do this. But
disinfecting my seeds, seeding planting gear, etc. saves a lot of problems in
the long run. This brings me to the fact that there are different standard for
disinfecting. Anything I am going to ingest has to be safe to ingest. So disinfecting
water calls for a higher standard than what I use to disinfect areas and
surfaces that my come in contact with food. I also have extreme disinfection
when I am putting chicken waterier and feeders in very strong chlorine
solutions to help strip everything off them. I have done that using lye with
fish buckets. The five gallon fish buckets went into very strong 55 gallon tub
of lye water. So a key is to know what you need to remove the risk you are
trying to address. This removes a lot of work. For example I can have high
chlorine rinse water that would be unsuitable for drinking water. I can use
straight untreated rain water or shower grey water to flush my toilet. I may
have a pool full of water just outside my door that I can only use for washing
and flushing toilets because of the chemical added to it. Due to the chemical
it may not be useable to water my garden. I may be collecting rain water from
my roof and diverting the first runoff. But what happens if a raccoon took a
dump on the shingles? Raccoon round worm anyone?
So there is a hierarchy of risk based on water use
and types and sources of contamination of anything that comes in contact with
things you may ingest. A key is to identify the most likely risks and determine
means to mitigate those risks.
Finally disinfecting tools, seed flats, etc. can go a long way in preventing problems. I use a lot of used materials. I want to reuse someone else pots but not their diseases.
Filtering the water before disinfection methods is used.
There are tons of commercial water filters on the market. I
am only looking at simple filters you can create.
Five-Gallon Bucket Filter for Rooftop Harvested
Rainwater
http://fivegallonideas.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/bucket-filter.pdf
http://fivegallonideas.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/bucket-filter.pdf
Design of Water Filter for Third World Countries.
Potters without boarders
http://potterswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/12.pdf
http://potterswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/12.pdf
Tree branch filter - How to Build a Plant Xylem
Water Filter
http://www.technologyreview.com/view/520706/how-to-build-a-plant-xylem-water-filter/
http://www.technologyreview.com/view/520706/how-to-build-a-plant-xylem-water-filter/
EMERGENCY DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER - EPA
http://water.epa.gov/aboutow/ogwdw/upload/2006_09_14_faq_fs_emergency-disinfection-drinkingwater-2006.pdf
http://water.epa.gov/aboutow/ogwdw/upload/2006_09_14_faq_fs_emergency-disinfection-drinkingwater-2006.pdf
Boiling is the surest method to make water safe to drink and kill
disease-causing microorganisms.
Boil water notice
general information
http://cityofelkinswv.com/files/BWN%20Brochure.pdf
http://cityofelkinswv.com/files/BWN%20Brochure.pdf
Non-scented, household chlorine bleach that contains a chlorine compound to
disinfect water.
Emergency Drinking Water Disinfection Procedures
http://phc.amedd.army.mil/phc%20resource%20library/31-008-1004.pdf
http://phc.amedd.army.mil/phc%20resource%20library/31-008-1004.pdf
Calcium hypochlorite to disinfect water – beware pool shock with added
chemicals.
PVC pipe and chlorine: Cheap and lasting water
treatment in Nicaragua
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2012/02/26/pvc_pipe_and_chlorine_cheap_and_lasting_water_treatment_in_nicaragua.html
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2012/02/26/pvc_pipe_and_chlorine_cheap_and_lasting_water_treatment_in_nicaragua.html
Four low-cost devices that chlorinate water at the
source
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/02/24/four_low_cost_devices_that_chlorinate_water_at_the_source.html
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/02/24/four_low_cost_devices_that_chlorinate_water_at_the_source.html
World Health Organization – Calcium Hypochlorite
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/emergencies/fs2_19.pdf
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/emergencies/fs2_19.pdf
Chlorine tablets to disinfect filtered and settled water.
Potable Aqua Chlorine Dioxide Water Purification Tablets –
example of one brand. Many brands to choose from.
http://www.potableaqua.com/products-chlorine-dioxide.php
http://www.potableaqua.com/products-chlorine-dioxide.php
Tincture of iodine to disinfect filtered and settled water.
How To Purify Water Using Iodine Tincture. Basic
instructions, water should be filtered first.
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-To-Purify-Water-Using-Iodine-Tincture/
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-To-Purify-Water-Using-Iodine-Tincture/
Iodine tablets to disinfect filtered and settled water.
Polar Pure Water Disinfectant With Iodine Crystals.
Example of iodine tablets, many to choose from. Filter water first.
http://www.amazon.com/Polar-Water-Disinfectant-Iodine-Crystals/dp/B00068M3HY/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1409973392&sr=8-7&keywords=water+iodine+tablets
http://www.amazon.com/Polar-Water-Disinfectant-Iodine-Crystals/dp/B00068M3HY/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1409973392&sr=8-7&keywords=water+iodine+tablets
Sodium hypochlorite poisoning
Commonly found in pool shock and pool treatment is
not safe for treating drinking water.
Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical commonly found
in bleach, water purifiers, and cleaning products.
Swallowing sodium hypochlorite can lead to
poisoning. Breathing sodium hypochlorite fumes may also cause poisoning,
especially if the product is mixed with ammonia.
This is for information only and not for use in
the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an
exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or a local
poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.
Iodine poisoning
Iodine is a naturally occurring chemical. Small
amounts are needed for good health. However, large doses can cause harm.
Children are especially sensitive to the effects of iodine.
NOTE: Iodine is found in certain foods. However,
there is normally not enough iodine in foods to harm the body. This article
focusses on poisoning from exposure to non-food items that contain iodine.
This is for information only and not for use in
the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an
exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or a local
poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.
Solar Disinfection of water (SODIS)
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in
Developing Countries
http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/pdf/solar2011final.pdf
TiO2: A New Kind of Water Treatment
Solar water disinfection indicator
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/11/08/solar_water_disinfection_indicator.html
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/11/08/solar_water_disinfection_indicator.html
Removing Heavy metals from water.
Bone char filters block arsenic at the faucet
https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/06/09/bone_char_filters_block_arsenic_at_the_faucet.html
Cilantro - It’s a kitchen staple for curry enthusiasts,
but new research suggests there could be more to coriander than its tangy
flavor. A team of US undergraduates have shown the herb has excellent heavy
metal binding properties, which they say could help provide people in
developing countries with safer drinking water.
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2013/09/coriander-cilantro-water-purification
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2013/09/coriander-cilantro-water-purification
Impact of Low Cost Biosorbent Potatoes Peels for
Biosorption of Lead
The Use of Plants for the Removal of Toxic Metals
from Contaminated Soil
(Metals are absorbed in ionic state in water from soils).
http://clu-in.org/download/remed/lasat.pdf
(Metals are absorbed in ionic state in water from soils).
http://clu-in.org/download/remed/lasat.pdf
Well Disinfection
Indiana Department of Environmental Management Well
Disinfection
http://www.in.gov/idem/files/welldisinfection.pdf
http://www.in.gov/idem/files/welldisinfection.pdf
How to Shock Chlorinate or Disinfect Your Private Water
Supply or Water Well
http://www.water-research.net/index.php/shock-well-disinfection
http://www.water-research.net/index.php/shock-well-disinfection
Overview of disinfectants and disinfection
Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in
Healthcare Facilities, 2008 CDC
http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf/guidelines/Disinfection_Nov_2008.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf/guidelines/Disinfection_Nov_2008.pdf
Sterilization and disinfection
Characteristics of Selected Disinfectants – Iowa
State University
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Disinfection/Assets/CharacteristicsSelectedDisinfectants.pdf
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Disinfection/Assets/CharacteristicsSelectedDisinfectants.pdf
Disinfectants and Disinfection: A Guide to
Reducing Disease Buildup
Lye – sodium hydroxide
Lye (soda lye) contains approximately 94 percent
sodium hydroxide, a very effective disinfectant. For disinfectant purposes, lye
shold be applied as a 2 percent solution in hot or boiling water (one pound of
lye to 5.5 gallons of water. Always add lye to water and remember it is highly
corrosive!
Lime as in quicklime
Lime (calcium oxide, quicklime) is one of the least
expensive disinfectants and is reasonably good for use
around livestock. Powdered lime may be scattered
about yards or lots or swept over concrete floors for general disinfection.
Since it tends to dry the skin and hoofs of animals, sometimes causing cracks
that invite foot rot, avoid using excessive amounts of lime on concrete floors.
Soaps and detergents
Soaps, in general, are mild disinfectants. They are
antibacterial against certain gram-positive organisms such as the common
skin-inhabiting species, but are much less effective against the gram-negative microorganisms
associated with fecal contamination. The primary value of soaps as
disinfectants is in facilitating the mechanical removal of contaminated organic
matter. Most chemical disinfectants require the removal of organic matter to
really be effective. Soap is use to remove this organic matter before chemical
treatment.
Halogens used as disinfectants
Talking chlorine and iodine, and halogen compounds
have potent antibacterial effects. In the presence of organic matter, iodine is
more active than chlorine.
Using alcohol as disinfectant
Ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol is commonly used as
a dilution of 70 percent by weight or 78 percent by volume for cleaning and
disinfecting. This would be 156 proof booze so your normal 80 proof stuff just
does not cut it. This concentration has grater germicidal activity than either
more concentrated or more dilute solutions.
Isopropyl alcohol has the same antibacterial
properties and is used in the same concentration. It is generally cheaper than
Ethyl but toxic to ingest.
Using Vinegar and Hydrogen Peroxide as a disinfectant
Study showing Bleach (6%), Hydrogen Peroxide (3%),
and distilled white vinegar (5%) at killing bacteria at different temperatures.
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/kitchen-sanitize.pdf
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/kitchen-sanitize.pdf
Making Cider Vinegar at Home
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/pdf/5346.pdf
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/pdf/5346.pdf
Alkalies as disinfectants – caution required when using them.
Alkalies have been used as germicidal agents since
antiquity. A pH greater than 9 will inhibit most bacteria and is destructive to
many viruses.
Sulfur Candles
Sulfur often was used USA in the past as a fumigant
for bed bugs. Ready-made candles were a convenient form for use by householders
in those days. Sulfur is still used to fumigate green houses in UK. Sulfur
candles are sold in UK as a disinfectant for those hard to reach areas of empty
greenhouses. The burning of sulfur produces sulfur dioxide and lesser amounts
of sulfur trioxide. Both are toxic compounds and corrosive !
You can find greenhouse Sulfur Burners on Amazon
“Gro1 Greenhouse Sulfur Burner Vaporizer”
“Gro1 Greenhouse Sulfur Burner Vaporizer”
Wood Ash Lye - potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide can be indirectly made from
wood ash by the addition of calcium hydroxide,[7] and in this form is known as
caustic potash or lye. Because of this property, wood ash has also
traditionally been used to make wood-ash soap.
Several ways to extract wood ash lye. What is
interesting is that the best lye comes from very hot fire. That is exactly what
you get from a rocket stove. You are looking for the white ash. This is what
you are leaching the Potassium hydroxide from.
As I side not It seems you can use a good batch of wood ash lye to make
bio-diesel.
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_ashlye.html
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_ashlye.html
How to Make Soap from Ashes, Mother Earth News
http://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/how-to-make-soap-from-ashes-zmaz72jfzfre.aspx#axzz3CUvt3sxV
http://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/how-to-make-soap-from-ashes-zmaz72jfzfre.aspx#axzz3CUvt3sxV
Ionic Silver as a disinfectant – requires power source
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of
the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292600/pdf/2001-07.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292600/pdf/2001-07.pdf
Some things to think about before buying a ionic
silver generator.
Disinfectants Copper-silver ionization – some
history
http://www.lenntech.com/processes/disinfection/chemical/disinfectants-copper-silver-ionization.htm
http://www.lenntech.com/processes/disinfection/chemical/disinfectants-copper-silver-ionization.htm
Salt as a disinfectant
Salt water mouthwash rinses are an excellent short
term treatment when you have wounds in the mouth, for instance, when you’ve had
teeth removed.
http://www.todaysdentistry.com.au/ask-a-dentist/mouthwash-or-salt-water-rinse/
http://www.todaysdentistry.com.au/ask-a-dentist/mouthwash-or-salt-water-rinse/
Salt water chlorination
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (2,500–6,000 ppm) as a store for the chlorination system] The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt (NaCl) to produce hypochlorous acid (HCIO) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), which are the sanitizing agents already commonly used in swimming pools. As such, a saltwater pool is not actually chlorine-free; it simply utilizes a chlorine generator instead of direct addition of chlorine.
http://phoenix.about.com/cs/wet/a/saltpool01.htm
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (2,500–6,000 ppm) as a store for the chlorination system] The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt (NaCl) to produce hypochlorous acid (HCIO) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), which are the sanitizing agents already commonly used in swimming pools. As such, a saltwater pool is not actually chlorine-free; it simply utilizes a chlorine generator instead of direct addition of chlorine.
http://phoenix.about.com/cs/wet/a/saltpool01.htm
Misconceptions about Preserving Foods with Salt
http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/prevention/a/salt.htm
http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/prevention/a/salt.htm
HEAT and Pressure
All American Non Electric Sterilizer – this is the
same guys who make the great pressure cookers
http://www.allamericancanner.com/nonelecsterilizer.htm
http://www.allamericancanner.com/nonelecsterilizer.htm
Non electric Autoclaves and Sterilizers available
for sale
http://www.ascoindia.com/autoclaves-sterilizers.html
http://www.ascoindia.com/autoclaves-sterilizers.html
Ionized Plasma – requires power source
Ionized Plasma water treatment
Ambient Gas Plasma: A sustainable and viable tool
for infection control in the developing world
Long-term antibacterial efficacy of airplasma-activated
water
http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3727/44/47/472001/pdf/0022-3727_44_47_472001.pdf
http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3727/44/47/472001/pdf/0022-3727_44_47_472001.pdf
Ozone generator – requires power source
Prozone Water Products PZ4 110v Ozone System
Generator for Residential Pools
http://www.amazon.com/Prozone-Water-Products-PZ4-Residential/dp/B001FAMIEA/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=undefined&sr=8-1&keywords=ozone+generator+water+purifier+swimming+pool
http://www.amazon.com/Prozone-Water-Products-PZ4-Residential/dp/B001FAMIEA/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=undefined&sr=8-1&keywords=ozone+generator+water+purifier+swimming+pool
Cistern – roof washers – sand filter – chemical treatment of water
Plans for Developing a Rainwater Cistern or Hauled
Water Supply
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/washington_marietta/docs/plans_for_developing.pdf
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/washington_marietta/docs/plans_for_developing.pdf
Plans for Developing a Rainwater Cistern or Hauled
Water Supply in Ohio.
http://www.clermonthealthdistrict.org/privatewaterplans.pdf
http://www.clermonthealthdistrict.org/privatewaterplans.pdf
High Capacity Vortex Rainwater Fine Filter
http://www.jrsmith.com/uploads/fileLibrary/pm120482201371635PM63.pdf
http://www.jrsmith.com/uploads/fileLibrary/pm120482201371635PM63.pdf
RainHarvest Systems - Offering the largest and
most complete inventory of rain harvesting systems and filtering supplies.
http://www.rainharvest.com/
http://www.rainharvest.com/
List of resources - http://www.rainharvest.com/more/
Comparison of the antibacterial activity of
essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate
potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome.
The observed antibacterial activity of ethanolic
extracts of coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves suggests a mechanistic
explanation for the efficacy of a mixture of coriander, lemon balm and mint
extracts against IBS in a published clinical trial.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/338
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/338
Antibacterial screening of traditional herbal
plants and standard antibiotics against some human bacterial pathogens
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/258282900_Antibacterial_screening_of_traditional_herbal_plants_and_standard_antibiotics_against_some_human_bacterial_pathogens/links/00b7d5262810dc5443000000
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/258282900_Antibacterial_screening_of_traditional_herbal_plants_and_standard_antibiotics_against_some_human_bacterial_pathogens/links/00b7d5262810dc5443000000
The ongoing battle against multi-resistant
strains: In-vitro inhibition of hospital-acquired MRSA, VRE, Pseudomonas, ESBL
E. coli and Klebsiella species in the presence of plant-derived antiseptic oils
http://www.jcmfs.com/article/S1010-5182(12)00227-2/abstract
http://www.jcmfs.com/article/S1010-5182(12)00227-2/abstract
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF SPICES AND HERBS
http://www.highfield.co.uk/download/sofs/ANTIMICROBIAL_EFFECTS_OF_SPICES_AND_HERBS.pdf
Disinfecting Soil, Seed Flats and Trays
Recycling and Reusing Seedling Trays and Pots in the
Backyard Garden
http://rbm.hubpages.com/hub/Recycling-and-Reusing-Seedling-Trays-and-Pots-in-the-Backyard-Garden
http://rbm.hubpages.com/hub/Recycling-and-Reusing-Seedling-Trays-and-Pots-in-the-Backyard-Garden
How to Pasteurize Medium and Sterilize Containers and Tools
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/fact-sheets/general-gardening/how-to-pasteurize-medium-and-sterilize-containers-and-tools
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/fact-sheets/general-gardening/how-to-pasteurize-medium-and-sterilize-containers-and-tools
SEED DISINFECTION
https://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/rpds/915.pdf
Potato Handling, Cutting, and Sanitation
http://seedcert.oregonstate.edu/potatoes-handlingcuttingsanitation
http://seedcert.oregonstate.edu/potatoes-handlingcuttingsanitation
Create a Garden Sterilization Area by Inoculating Soils with
Bokashi
http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/3631/#b
http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/3631/#b
Soil Solarization for Control of Soilborne Diseases
http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2649/EPP-7640web2013.pdf
http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2649/EPP-7640web2013.pdf
SOLARIZING GARDEN BEDS
https://www.clemson.edu/extension/county/laurens/mg/askmg/036_solarizing_garden_beds.pdf
https://www.clemson.edu/extension/county/laurens/mg/askmg/036_solarizing_garden_beds.pdf
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